XSD Attributes
All attributes are declared as simple types.

What is an Attribute?

Simple elements do not contain attributes. If an element has attributes, then it is of a complex type element. But the attribute itself is always declared as a simple type.

Defining an Attribute?

The syntax for defining an attribute is:

<xs:attribute name=”aaa” type=”bbb”/>

where aaa is the name of the attribute and bbb specifies the data type of the attribute. XML Schema has a lot of built-in data types.The most common types are:

• xs:string
• xs:decimal
• xs:integer
• xs:Boolean
• xs:date
• xs:time

Example:

Here is an XML element with an attribute:

<name lang=”EN”>Rahul</name>

And here is the corresponding attribute
definition:

<xs:attribute name=”lang” type=”xs:string”/ >

Default Values for Attributes

Attributes may have a specified default value OR a specified fixed value A default value is automatically assigned to the attribute when no other value is specified for example..the default value is “EN”:

<xs:attribute name=”lang” type=”xs:string”
default=”EN”/>

Fixed Values for Attributes
A fixed value is automatically assigned to the attribute, and it cannot further specify another value for example. The fixed value is “EN”:

<xs:attribute name=”lang” type=”xs:string” fixed=”EN”/>

Optional and Required Attributes

Attributes are optional by default. To specify that the attribute is required, use the “use” attribute:

<xs:attribute name=”lang” type=”xs:string”
use=”required”/>

Restrictions on Content

When an XML element or attribute has a data type defined, it can put restrictions on the element’s or attribute’s content. If an XML element is of type “xs:age” and contains a string like “Hello”, the element will not validate. With XML Schemas, user can also add his own
restrictions to XML elements and attributes. These restrictions are called facets.